Everything about Josefa Llanes Escoda totally explained
Josefa Llanes Escoda (
September 20,
1898–c.
January 6,
1945) was a well-known
Filipino advocate of women's right of
suffrage and founder of the
Girl Scouts of the Philippines.
Early life
Escoda was born in
Dingras,
Ilocos Norte. She was the eldest of the seven children of Mercedes Madamba and Gabriel Llanes. She was valedictorian in grade school and salutatorian in high school in Ilocos Norte. She went to
Philippine Normal School in
Manila to earn her teaching degree, and graduated with honors in
1919. While working as a teacher, she earned a high school teachers certificate from the
University of the Philippines in
1922.
After obtaining her teacher's certificate, she became a social worker for the Philippine Chapter of the
American Red Cross (the Philippines was a colony of the
United States at the time. The Red Cross granted her a scholarship to the United States, where she earned a masteral degree in
Sociology.
During her first trip to the United States, while she was at the Women's International League for Peace (1925), she met Antonio Escoda, a reporter from the Philippine Press Bureau whom she later married. They had two children, Maria Theresa, and Antonio. Also in 1925, she received a Master's Degree in Social Work from Columbia University.
Beginnings of the Girl Scouts in the Philippines
She returned to the United States again in
1933 to undergo training in
Girl Scouting sponsored by the
Boy Scouts of the Philippines. Afterwards, she returned to the Philippines to train young women to become Girl Scout leaders, then proceeded to organize the Girl Scouts of the Philippines. On
May 26,
1940,
President Manuel L. Quezon signed the charter of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines. Josefa became the group's first National Executive.
World War II
During
World War II,
Japanese forces invaded the
Philippines. Escoda's husband was arrested in June
1944, and she was also arrested two months later, on
August 27. She was imprisoned in
Fort Santiago, the same prison as her husband, Colonel Antonio Escoda, who was executed in 1944, along with General
Vicente Lim, who was imprisoned with him. She was last seen on
January 6,
1945. She was then evidently taken and held in one of the buildings of
Far Eastern University occupied by the Japanese. It is presumed that she was executed
(External Link
) and buried in an unmarked grave in the
La Loma Cemetery which Japanese forces used as an execution and burial ground for thousands of Filipinos who resisted the occupation.
Legacy
A street and a building have been named after her and a monument has been dedicated to her memory. She is also depicted on the current 1000-
peso bill as one of three Filipinos martyred by the Japanese Armed Forces.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Josefa Llanes Escoda'.
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